Biofeedback emerged in the 1970s as a mind-body approach for regulating central and autonomic function (Woolfolk & Lehrer, 1984). Electrical instruments feed back unconscious information related to physiological functions (e.g., body temperature, heart rate, blood flow, and galvanic skin response). The individual can then learn to consciously control these normally involuntary functions. A substantial amount

According to Goleman (2006), the fight or flight system can cause post-traumatic stress in humans. He defined PTSD in humans as “that condition of vigilance and over-reactivity” (p. 225). Goleman described the biological systems that are involved in preparing humans to face a physical or emotional threat. “In linking stress to health, the key biological

As humans became self-reflective, they opened new pathways to consciously pay attention to what was happening within their own minds and bodies and searched for interventions that could enhance their survival beyond what the primitive brain was able to do. One early discovery regarding the connection between stress and illness was achieved by Galen, a

According to Goleman (2006), The hippocampus, near the amygdala in the mid-brain, is our central organ for learning. This structure enables us to convert the content of ‘working memory’—new information held briefly in the prefrontal cortex—into long-term form for storage. This neural act is the heart of learning. Once our mind connects this information with

Although the human brain has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years into the complex organ that we now have, like the simplest of animals a part of our brain still is activated by what is interpreted as threats coming from the world in what has been identified as the fight/flight response. The fundamental decision-making